Archaeological testing to determine the National Register eligibility status of 18 prehistoric sites on Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas, Volume I

Between the fall of 1999 and the summer of 2001, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register Eligibility testing on 18 prehistoric sites within Camp Bowie in Brown County, Texas. The work was conducted for the Texas Army National Guard. The sites were recommended for testing during an inventory survey of Camp Bowie conducted between 1993 and 1998 (Wormser and Sullo-Prewitt 2001). Sixteen of the 18 sites tested contained burned rock middens. It was on the basis of that feature type that these sites were recommended for testing. Two sites (41BR261 and 41BR276) lacked burned rock middens, but Wormser and Sullo-Prewitt (2001) recommended these sites for testing based on the presence of diagnostic projectile points and the potential for buried features. As burned rock middens were a major element of the recommendations, much of this report focused on understanding those feature types. In all, 19 middens were tested. On the basis of these testing efforts, CAR recommends that 12 sites (41BR65, 41BR87, 41BR228, 41BR246, 41BR250, 41BR253, 41BR420, 41BR433, 41BR473, 41BR478, 41BR492, and 41BR493) should be considered eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places and warrant designations as State Archeological Landmarks. Either avoidance of these locations, or some form of mitigation on portions of these sites, will be necessary. Our testing suggests that the remaining sites either lack clear evidence of significant data (41BR261 and 41BR276) or have data of questionable integrity (41BR415, 41BR441, 41BR474, and 41BR480). In these cases, CAR recommends that these sites are not eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places and they do not warrant designation as State Archeological Landmarks. Volume 1 - Chapter 1: Project Overview. Chapter 2: The Environmental Setting of Camp Bowie. Chapter 3: Archaeological Background. Chapter 4: Background and Research Issues. Chapter 5: Testing Methods and Levels of Effort. Chapter 6: Individual Site Testing Summaries. Chapter 7: Chronological Placement of Camp Bowie Burned Rock Middens. Chapter 8: Development of Burned Rock Middens at Camp Bowie. Chapter 9: Subsistence Issues in Camp Bowie Middens. Chapter 10: Investigating Midden Sites at Camp Bowie. Chapter 11: Burned Rock Middens in Texas. Chapter 12: Recommendations.